Preparation of β-Aminoisobutyric Acid from Glycine via the Wolff Rearrangement of Diazoethylketones

A description is given of the conversion of 3-diazo-1-phthalimidobutan-2-one (la) into B-phthalimidoisobutyranilide (Ila) via the Wolff rearrangement7, in aniline solution , and further rearrangement to B -aminoisobutyric acid. The same rearrangement in (-)-a-phenylethylamine solution is also described

Preparation of β-Aminoisobutyric Acid from Glycine via the Wolff Rearrangement of Diazoethylketones

A description is given of the conversion of 3-diazo-1-phthalimidobutan-2-one (la) into B-phthalimidoisobutyranilide (Ila) via the Wolff rearrangement7, in aniline solution , and further rearrangement to B -aminoisobutyric acid. The same rearrangement in (-)-a-phenylethylamine solution is also described

L-β-Methionine and Related Compounds

Work on optically active B-amino acids has been continued in this Laboratory and a description is now given of the preparation of L-B- methionine (I) and of L-B-homodjenkolic acid (II)

Book Reviews

E. H . Rodd: Chemistry of Carbon Compounds. Vol. IA, IB, IIA, IIB, III (K. Balenović) Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie: Calcium (I. Flllpović

Book Reviews

E. H . Rodd: Chemistry of Carbon Compounds. Vol. IA, IB, IIA, IIB, III (K. Balenović) Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie: Calcium (I. Flllpović

Some Derivatives of L-Cysteine Aldehyde. An Improved Preparation of S-Benzyl-N-phthaloyl-L-cysteine. Amino Acids XXXI

A method for the preparation of S-benzyl-N-phthaloyl-L-cysteine with [a]D -167° is described. According to the previously described procedure for the preparation of racemic S-benzyl-N-phthaloyl-cysteine aldehyd , the optically active compound was obtained showing [a]D - 103°. The following new compounds were prepared : S.-benzyl-N-phthaloyl-L-cysteine aldehyde ethylene acetal, S-benzyl-L-cysteine aldehyde ethylene acetal, picrate of S-benzyl-L-cysteine aldehyde ethylene acetal, and 5-benzylthio-4-phthalimidopent-2-enoic acid, the vinylogue of S-benzyl-N-phthaloyl-cysteine

FUSION OF SENTINEL-2 AND PLANETSCOPE IMAGERY FOR VEGETATION DETECTION AND MONITORING

Different spatial resolutions satellite imagery with global almost daily revisit time provide valuable information about the earth surface in a short time. Based on the remote sensing methods satellite imagery can have different applications like environmental development, urban monitoring, etc. For accurate vegetation detection and monitoring, especially in urban areas, spectral characteristics, as well as the spatial resolution of satellite imagery is important. In this research, 10-m and 20-m Sentinel-2 and 3.7-m PlanetScope satellite imagery were used. Although in nowadays research Sentinel-2 satellite imagery is often used for land-cover classification or vegetation detection and monitoring, we decided to test a fusion of Sentinel-2 imagery with PlanetScope because of its higher spatial resolution. The main goal of this research is a new method for Sentinel-2 and PlanetScope imagery fusion. The fusion method validation was provided based on the land-cover classification accuracy. Three land-cover classifications were made based on the Sentinel-2, PlanetScope and fused imagery. As expected, results show better accuracy for PS and fused imagery than the Sentinel-2 imagery. PlanetScope and fused imagery have almost the same accuracy. For the vegetation monitoring testing, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from Sentinel-2 and fused imagery was calculated and mutually compared. In this research, all methods and tests, image fusion and satellite imagery classification were made in the free and open source programs. The method developed and presented in this paper can easily be applied to other sciences, such as urbanism, forestry, agronomy, ecology and geology

THE GENETIC BASIS OF CHINCHILLAS\u27 COLOUR INHERITANCE

Činčila je južnoamerički glodavac koji se još uvijek većinom uzgaja radi krzna, iako se u pojedinim zemljama njihovo meso poslužuje kao specijalitet. U prirodi je gotovo iščeznula pa se njen opstanak održava farmskim uzgojem. Danas se uzgoj činčila za krzno zabranjuje u sve više zemalja, što je ustupilo mjesto uzgoju činčile kao kućnog ljubimca. Iznimno su čiste životinje te stoga i vrlo jednostavne za držanje i njegu. Vrlo su otporne te rijetko obolijevaju ukoliko se pravilno i redovito hrane, čiste i čuvaju u odgovarajućim uvjetima. Ovom glodavcu dlaka je izrazito meka i rastresita. Standardna boja je tamnosiva po leđima, dok je trbuh svijetlosiv do bijel. Dosadašnjim farmskim uzgojem selekcionirani su brojni mutanti tako da njihova dlaka može biti u različitim nijansama crne, bijele ili bež boje. Daljnjom kombinacijom tih mutanti dobivena je široka paleta danas postojećih boja krzna. Boja činčila ovisi o zastupljenosti pojedinih gena i njihovim kombinacijama, što je dovelo do pojave letalnih mutacija. Poznavajući genotip odgovoran za pojavu pojedine boje u ovih životinja, otvaraju nam se brojne mogućnosti u selekciji određenih boja kod potomaka. Na taj način zadovoljavaju se sve veće potrebe tržišta za činčilama kao kućnim ljubimcima pri čemu boja dlake ima značajnu ulogu kod njihova izbora.Chinchilla is a South American rodent, which is being bred primarily for its fur, although in some parts of the world their meat is served as a speciality. It is almost extinct in nature so its existence is being preserved by farm breeding. Breeding of chinchillas for fur is being banned in many countries all over the world, including Croatia, so chinchillas nowadays serve mostly as house pets. Chinchillas are very easy to keep at home because they are very clean animals. Also, they are very resistant to disease and rarely get ill if they are fed, cleaned and kept properly and regularly. This rodent has very soft and mealy fur. Standard colour is dark-grey on the back and light grey to white on the belly. Over the years, farm breeding has given us various mutant species so their fur colour can vary from black to white and beige. Further combining of these mutations created a whole pallet of today-existing colours in chinchillas. A chinchilla\u27s colour depends on its genes and various combinations, which led to emersion of lethal genes. By knowing the genotype responsible for specific colour variations in chinchillas, we have a whole spectre of possibilities in choosing the colour of offspring. By doing that, a growing demand for chinchillas as house pets on the market can be satisfied because the colour of the animal can play a huge role in choosing a house pet

THE EFFECTS OF TRIMETAZIDINE ON QT-INTERVAL PROLONGATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE STAGE III-IV (PREDIALYSIS CRD)

Produljeni QT interval je predskazatelj kardiovaskularne smrtnosti. Ukazuje na odgođenu repolarizaciju miokarda ventrikula i smatra se prethodnikom malignih srčanih aritmija i iznenadne srčane smrti. Povišeni kardiovaskularni (KV) rizik u prisutnosti produljenog QT intervala korigiranog prema srčanoj frekvenciji (QTc) pripisuje se ventrikulskoj električnoj nestabilnosti. Bolesnici s kroni nom bubrežnom bolesti (KBB) najčešće umiru od iznenadne srčane smrti i prije nego što dostignu završni stupanj, odnosno konačnu kroničnu bubrežnu bolest (V. stupanj KBB). Istražili smo imaju li bolesnici s KBB III.-V. stupnja produljeni QT interval, koji su mogu i uzroci tog produljenja, te može li u ovoj populaciji bolesnika primjena trimetazidina utjecati na smanjenje produljenja QT intervala. Naše je istraživanje pokazalo kako četvrtina predijaliznih bolesnika, uglavnom asimptomatskih, ima produljen QT interval pa su rizičniji za KV događaje. Uvođenje trimetazidina uz standardnu terapiju može smanjiti pojavnost iznenadne srčane smrti, a izračunavanje QTc indeksa bila bi korisna i ekonomična metoda u probiru i praćenju visokorizičnih bolesnika.Prolonged QT interval is a predictor of cardiovascular mortality. It indicates delayed repolarization of ventricular myocardium and is considered a precursor of malignant cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Increased cardiovascular risk (CVR) in the presence of prolonged QT interval, corrected by heart rate (QTc), is attributed to ventricular electrical instability. Patients with chronic renal disease (CRD) usually die from sudden cardiac death before reaching the inal stage, inal chronic kidney disease (CRD stage V). We investigated whether patients with CRD stage III-V have prolonged QT interval, what are the possible causes of this extension, and whether in this patient population trimetazidine application may affect the reduction in QT prolongation. Our study showed one quarter of predialysis patients, mostly asymptomatic, to have QT prolongation, thus being at a higher risk of CV events. Introducing trimetazidine along with standard therapy can reduce the incidence of sudden cardiac death, and calculation of the QTc index would be a useful and economical method of screening and monitoring high risk patients